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Ten elements of excavator diesel engine maintenance
2022-03-30
1. Select the diesel filter that meets the requirements
Diesel engines have much higher requirements for diesel filtration. In application, diesel of the required grades should be selected and precipitated for at least 48 hours. Strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of the diesel filter, clean or replace the filter element in time; clean the diesel tank in time according to the operating environment conditions, thoroughly remove the sludge and moisture at the bottom of the fuel tank, and any impurities in the diesel will affect the plunger of the fuel injection pump and the outlet. Serious corrosion or wear caused by oil valve couplers and transmission parts.
2. Always check whether the amount of oil in the fuel tank of the diesel engine fuel injection pump is in the specified position, and add more when it is insufficient.
Before starting the diesel engine each time, the quantity and quality of the oil in the fuel injection pump should be checked to ensure that the quantity of oil is sufficient and the quality is good. Early wear, resulting in insufficient power of the diesel engine, difficult starting, and in severe cases, corrosion and corrosion of the plunger and the oil outlet valve. Due to internal leakage of the oil pump, poor operation of the oil outlet valve, wear of the tappet and the casing of the oil transfer pump, and damage to the sealing ring, diesel oil will leak into the oil pool and dilute the oil. Therefore, it should be replaced in time according to the quality of the oil. The tank is thoroughly cleaned to remove the sludge and other impurities at the bottom of the oil tank, otherwise the oil will deteriorate after a short time of application. The amount of oil should not be too much or too little. Too much oil in the governor will easily cause the diesel engine to "fly", and too little oil will cause poor lubrication. The oil dipstick or the oil plane screw shall prevail. In addition, when the diesel engine is not used for a long time, it is necessary to check whether there are impurities such as water and diesel in the oil in the oil pump oil pool. A rusted card died and was scrapped.
3. It is necessary to regularly check the fuel supply advance angle of the diesel engine fuel injection pump, and whether the fuel supply advance angle of each cylinder meets the specified requirements
In application, due to the loosening of the coupling bolts and the wear of the camshaft and roller body parts, the advance angle of the oil supply and the oil supply interval angle of each cylinder are often changed, which makes the diesel combustion worse, and the power and economy of the diesel engine. The performance deteriorates, and at the same time, the startup is difficult, the operation is unstable, and the abnormal noise and overheating are emitted. In practical applications, most drivers pay attention to the inspection and adjustment of the overall oil supply advance angle, but neglect the inspection and adjustment of the oil supply interval angle. The wear of the roller transmission components makes the oil supply not necessarily timing, which will also cause the diesel engine to start difficult, lack of power, and run unstably. Especially for the fuel injection pump that has been used for a long time, it is more important to pay attention to the oil supply interval angle. check adjustment.
Fourth, it is necessary to regularly check the fuel supply of each cylinder of the diesel engine fuel injection pump
Due to the wear of the plunger coupler and the oil outlet valve coupler, the internal leakage of diesel oil will cause the fuel supply of each cylinder to be reduced or uneven, resulting in difficulty in starting the diesel engine, insufficient power, increased fuel consumption, and unstable operation. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check and adjust the fuel supply of each cylinder of the fuel injection pump to ensure the performance of the diesel engine power. In practical applications, the amount of fuel supplied to each cylinder can be determined by observing the exhaust smoke of the diesel engine, listening to the sound of the engine, and touching the temperature of the exhaust manifold.
5. Regularly check the camshaft clearance
The axial clearance of the camshaft of the fuel injection pump is very strict, generally between 0.03 and 0.15mm. If the clearance is too large, it will aggravate the impact of the roller transmission parts on the working surface of the cam, thereby increasing the early wear of the cam surface and changing the supply. Oil advance angle; The camshaft bearing shaft and radial clearance are too large, which will easily cause the camshaft to run unstably, the oil volume adjustment rod to shake, and the oil supply volume to change periodically, which makes the diesel engine run unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to check and adjust regularly. When the axial clearance of the camshaft is too large, the shims can be adjusted on both sides. If the radial clearance is too large, it is generally necessary to replace the new product.
Sixth, it is necessary to regularly check the sealing condition of the valve coupler on the machine
After the fuel injection pump works for a period of time, the wear of the plunger and the working condition of the fuel pump can be roughly judged by checking the sealing condition of the fuel outlet valve, which is helpful to determine the repair and maintenance method. During inspection, unscrew the high-pressure oil pipe joints of each cylinder, and use the hand oil pump of the oil delivery pump to pump oil. If oil flows out of the oil pipe joints at the top of the fuel injection pump, it means that the oil outlet valve is not well sealed. The fuel injection pump should be thoroughly debugged and maintained, and the coupling parts should be replaced.
Seven, to use the standard high-pressure oil pipe
During the fuel supply process of the fuel injection pump, due to the compressibility of diesel oil and the elasticity of the high-pressure oil pipe, the high-pressure diesel oil will form pressure fluctuations in the pipe, and it takes a certain time for the pressure wave to transmit in the pipe. The quantity is uniform, the diesel engine works stably, and the length and diameter of the high-pressure oil pipe are selected after calculation. Therefore, when the high-pressure oil pipe of a certain cylinder is damaged, the oil pipe of standard length and pipe diameter should be replaced. In practical applications, due to the lack of standard oil pipes, other oil pipes are used instead, regardless of whether the length and diameter of the oil pipes are the same, so that the length and diameter of the oil pipes are very different. Although it can be used in an emergency, it will lead to the oil supply of the cylinder. The advance angle and the fuel supply amount are changed, resulting in unstable operation of the whole machine. Therefore, a standard high-pressure oil pipe must be used in the application.
8. Regularly check the wear of coherent keyways and fixing bolts
Coherent keyways and bolts mainly refer to camshaft keyways, coupling flange keyways, semicircular keys and coupling fixing bolts. The camshaft keyway, flange keyway and semicircular key of the fuel injection pump have been used for a long time, and the light ones are worn out, which makes the keyway wider, the semicircular key is not installed firmly, and the advance angle of oil supply changes; , so it is necessary to check regularly and repair or replace worn parts in time.
Nine, it is necessary to replace the worn plunger and oil outlet valve pair in time
When it is found that the diesel engine is difficult to start, the power decreases, and the fuel consumption increases, and the fuel injection pump and fuel injector are still not improved by adjusting the fuel injection pump and fuel injector, the fuel injection pump plunger and the fuel outlet valve should be disassembled and inspected. degree, should be replaced in time, do not keep reuse. Diesel engine start-up difficulties, increased fuel consumption, lack of power and other losses caused by the wear of the coupling parts far exceed the cost of replacing the coupling parts, and the power and economy of the diesel engine will be significantly improved after the replacement. replacement parts.
10. To accurately protect the accessories of the fuel injection pump
Diesel engines have much higher requirements for diesel filtration. In application, diesel of the required grades should be selected and precipitated for at least 48 hours. Strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of the diesel filter, clean or replace the filter element in time; clean the diesel tank in time according to the operating environment conditions, thoroughly remove the sludge and moisture at the bottom of the fuel tank, and any impurities in the diesel will affect the plunger of the fuel injection pump and the outlet. Serious corrosion or wear caused by oil valve couplers and transmission parts.
2. Always check whether the amount of oil in the fuel tank of the diesel engine fuel injection pump is in the specified position, and add more when it is insufficient.
Before starting the diesel engine each time, the quantity and quality of the oil in the fuel injection pump should be checked to ensure that the quantity of oil is sufficient and the quality is good. Early wear, resulting in insufficient power of the diesel engine, difficult starting, and in severe cases, corrosion and corrosion of the plunger and the oil outlet valve. Due to internal leakage of the oil pump, poor operation of the oil outlet valve, wear of the tappet and the casing of the oil transfer pump, and damage to the sealing ring, diesel oil will leak into the oil pool and dilute the oil. Therefore, it should be replaced in time according to the quality of the oil. The tank is thoroughly cleaned to remove the sludge and other impurities at the bottom of the oil tank, otherwise the oil will deteriorate after a short time of application. The amount of oil should not be too much or too little. Too much oil in the governor will easily cause the diesel engine to "fly", and too little oil will cause poor lubrication. The oil dipstick or the oil plane screw shall prevail. In addition, when the diesel engine is not used for a long time, it is necessary to check whether there are impurities such as water and diesel in the oil in the oil pump oil pool. A rusted card died and was scrapped.
3. It is necessary to regularly check the fuel supply advance angle of the diesel engine fuel injection pump, and whether the fuel supply advance angle of each cylinder meets the specified requirements
In application, due to the loosening of the coupling bolts and the wear of the camshaft and roller body parts, the advance angle of the oil supply and the oil supply interval angle of each cylinder are often changed, which makes the diesel combustion worse, and the power and economy of the diesel engine. The performance deteriorates, and at the same time, the startup is difficult, the operation is unstable, and the abnormal noise and overheating are emitted. In practical applications, most drivers pay attention to the inspection and adjustment of the overall oil supply advance angle, but neglect the inspection and adjustment of the oil supply interval angle. The wear of the roller transmission components makes the oil supply not necessarily timing, which will also cause the diesel engine to start difficult, lack of power, and run unstably. Especially for the fuel injection pump that has been used for a long time, it is more important to pay attention to the oil supply interval angle. check adjustment.
Fourth, it is necessary to regularly check the fuel supply of each cylinder of the diesel engine fuel injection pump
Due to the wear of the plunger coupler and the oil outlet valve coupler, the internal leakage of diesel oil will cause the fuel supply of each cylinder to be reduced or uneven, resulting in difficulty in starting the diesel engine, insufficient power, increased fuel consumption, and unstable operation. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check and adjust the fuel supply of each cylinder of the fuel injection pump to ensure the performance of the diesel engine power. In practical applications, the amount of fuel supplied to each cylinder can be determined by observing the exhaust smoke of the diesel engine, listening to the sound of the engine, and touching the temperature of the exhaust manifold.
5. Regularly check the camshaft clearance
The axial clearance of the camshaft of the fuel injection pump is very strict, generally between 0.03 and 0.15mm. If the clearance is too large, it will aggravate the impact of the roller transmission parts on the working surface of the cam, thereby increasing the early wear of the cam surface and changing the supply. Oil advance angle; The camshaft bearing shaft and radial clearance are too large, which will easily cause the camshaft to run unstably, the oil volume adjustment rod to shake, and the oil supply volume to change periodically, which makes the diesel engine run unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to check and adjust regularly. When the axial clearance of the camshaft is too large, the shims can be adjusted on both sides. If the radial clearance is too large, it is generally necessary to replace the new product.
Sixth, it is necessary to regularly check the sealing condition of the valve coupler on the machine
After the fuel injection pump works for a period of time, the wear of the plunger and the working condition of the fuel pump can be roughly judged by checking the sealing condition of the fuel outlet valve, which is helpful to determine the repair and maintenance method. During inspection, unscrew the high-pressure oil pipe joints of each cylinder, and use the hand oil pump of the oil delivery pump to pump oil. If oil flows out of the oil pipe joints at the top of the fuel injection pump, it means that the oil outlet valve is not well sealed. The fuel injection pump should be thoroughly debugged and maintained, and the coupling parts should be replaced.
Seven, to use the standard high-pressure oil pipe
During the fuel supply process of the fuel injection pump, due to the compressibility of diesel oil and the elasticity of the high-pressure oil pipe, the high-pressure diesel oil will form pressure fluctuations in the pipe, and it takes a certain time for the pressure wave to transmit in the pipe. The quantity is uniform, the diesel engine works stably, and the length and diameter of the high-pressure oil pipe are selected after calculation. Therefore, when the high-pressure oil pipe of a certain cylinder is damaged, the oil pipe of standard length and pipe diameter should be replaced. In practical applications, due to the lack of standard oil pipes, other oil pipes are used instead, regardless of whether the length and diameter of the oil pipes are the same, so that the length and diameter of the oil pipes are very different. Although it can be used in an emergency, it will lead to the oil supply of the cylinder. The advance angle and the fuel supply amount are changed, resulting in unstable operation of the whole machine. Therefore, a standard high-pressure oil pipe must be used in the application.
8. Regularly check the wear of coherent keyways and fixing bolts
Coherent keyways and bolts mainly refer to camshaft keyways, coupling flange keyways, semicircular keys and coupling fixing bolts. The camshaft keyway, flange keyway and semicircular key of the fuel injection pump have been used for a long time, and the light ones are worn out, which makes the keyway wider, the semicircular key is not installed firmly, and the advance angle of oil supply changes; , so it is necessary to check regularly and repair or replace worn parts in time.
Nine, it is necessary to replace the worn plunger and oil outlet valve pair in time
When it is found that the diesel engine is difficult to start, the power decreases, and the fuel consumption increases, and the fuel injection pump and fuel injector are still not improved by adjusting the fuel injection pump and fuel injector, the fuel injection pump plunger and the fuel outlet valve should be disassembled and inspected. degree, should be replaced in time, do not keep reuse. Diesel engine start-up difficulties, increased fuel consumption, lack of power and other losses caused by the wear of the coupling parts far exceed the cost of replacing the coupling parts, and the power and economy of the diesel engine will be significantly improved after the replacement. replacement parts.
10. To accurately protect the accessories of the fuel injection pump
The side cover of the pump body, the oil dipstick, the filling plug, the oil spill valve, the oil pool screw plug, the oil level screw, the oil pump fixing bolt, etc., to ensure that they are intact, these accessories play a vital role in the work of the fuel injection pump. For example, the side cover can prevent the intrusion of impurities such as dust and water, the respirator can effectively prevent the deterioration of the oil, and the oil overflow valve ensures that the fuel system has a certain pressure and does not enter the air. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the maintenance of these accessories, and repair or replace them in time if they are damaged or lost.
